Analysis and systematization of the training structure of professional breakers

Abstract Including breaking in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games entails numerous structural changes, such as developing a scientifically based training system for national squad athletes. So far, breaking has been chiefly practiced without access to trained coaches with a sports science background, and no research has addressed its training structure. This study aims to identify breakers’ existing training strategies by analyzing their training through video observation and interviews. Demographic data were collected via online questionnaires from 12 professional breakers (29.8 ± 3.5 years) worldwide. On average, participants had 15.1 ± 3.6 years of breaking experience, dedicating 24 ± 10.2 hours per week to training. All participants stated that they organized their breaking training independently, without supervision from a national coach. Training strategies were identified and grouped into three training phases: warm-up, breaking training, and cool-down. Warm-up routines were incorporated by all participants, with emphasis placed on knee and shoulder joints. However, only 7 participants performed a cool-down. Specific warm-up routines involved toprock, footwork, and freeze positions. Breakers often trained individually or in small groups, engaging in full-out dance rounds and simulated battles. Incorporating new steps required trial and error, with breakers utilizing various learning techniques including movement dissection and speed reduction. Overall, the obtained data revealed a diverse and multifaceted category structure regarding the training strategies of professional breakers. This study shows that the training structure is often decided by the dancers themselves, who tend to be autodidacts. Subsequently, recommendations were made from a sports science perspective for effective breaking training.