Nonlinear Wrinkling Dynamics of a Multi-Component Vesicle (2D)

This paper investigates wrinkling dynamics of two-dimensional multicomponent vesicles subjected to time-dependent extensional flow. By employing a non-stiff, pseudo-spectral boundary integral approach, we inspect the wrinkling patterns that arise due to negative surface tension and differential bending within a two-phase system. We focus on the formation and evolution of the wrinkling behaviors under diverse phase concentrations, extensional rates, and vesicle sphericity. Our findings demonstrate that for slightly perturbed circular vesicles, the numerical simulations align well with perturbation theory. For elongated vesicles, the wrinkling patterns vary significantly between phases, primarily influenced by their respective bending moduli. In weak flows, buckling behaviors are observed for elongated vesicles, where the membrane bends inward in regions with lower bending modulus.