Predictive pharmacodynamic performance of the Eleveld pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for propofol: comparison of predicted and measured bispectral index

BIS predictions by the Eleveld model should be interpreted with caution. In spite of the acceptable MDPE and MDAPE, there are unacceptable degrees of both within-subject and between-subject variation during propofol target-controlled infusions. This limits the use of adjusting targeted concentrations to achieve desired simulated BIS values with confidence.