Waste-derived Ca and Zn-based bimetallic (Ca/Zn) nanorods encapsulated chitosan-based haemostatic dressing bandage: A step towards waste to bandages

Controlling loss of blood during militant war, traumatic injury, and surgical procedures is the greatest challenge nowadays, which leads to death, thereby the necessity of hemostatic bandages. The present work focuses on the synthesis of waste-derived (WD)-Ca incorporated Zn nanorods encapsulated with chitosan polymers (CZC) to control the loss of blood as well as bacterial infection. The as-prepared CZC bandage was tested against various biochemical tests such as PBS absorption, hemolysis, adsorption of protein, platelets aggregation/adhesion, blood clotting ability, and antibacterial test assay. The data suggested that the CZC bandage has high biocompatibility, exceptional PBS absorption ability (∼1402%), platelets aggregation (∼65%) within 10 min of exposure, protein a loading ability (∼37 mg/cm 2 ), and ∼84% blood clotting within a 1 min of exposure. Moreover, the CZC bandage effectively kills/inhibits both E. Coli and S. aureus bacteria. Therefore, the prepared CZC bandage in this study is simple, economically viable, and sustainable development.