Antibiotics Production from Fungi

Almost majority of the fungi are responsible for the production of antibiotics, antioxidants bioactive and used as a food source.Specially, filamentous fungi are responsible for different types of antibiotics help to treat against tumour and cancer.Literatures on the antibiotic production of fungi and application have recognized that the natural oxidants and amino acids ergothioneine and polyphenolic produced from fungi sources are phenolic compounds (tocopherol, flavonoids, and phenolic acids), nitrogen compounds (alkaloids, chlorophyll derivatives, amino acids, and amines) or carotenoids as well as ascorbic acid.Several enzymes and secondary metabolites are used against free radicals.Penicillium notatum synthesizes cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems, the terpenoid fusidic acid is produced by the Fusidium coccineum.Aspergillus lanosus and Penicillium produces polyketide griseofulvin.Echinocandin B and pneumocandin B is produced by Aspergillus nidulans and Glarea lozoyensis.The Hypocladium inflatum is responsible for cyclosporine (cyclosporine A, CsA).Taxomyces andreanae is able manufacture produce paclitaxel.Camptothecin is Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma atroviride.Vinblastine and vincristine are Catharanthus roseus, Alternaria, Fusarium oxysporium, aryltetralin-type lignan and podophyllotoxin are synthesized by Phialocephela fortinii.There is less awareness of the se antibiotics use of tumor and cancer treatment.Furthermore, some of the disease-causing pathogens is resistant to these antimicrobials over a long period of times.Thus, it is important to look for other sources of microbial/fungi isolation other than soil.