GINECOMASTIA: FATORES ETIOLÓGICOS E INTERVENÇÕES NA ENFERMAGEM

This study conducted a systematic literature review to investigate the primary causes of gynecomastia and outline the necessary nursing care for managing this condition. Gynecomastia, characterized by the enlargement of glandular breast tissue in men, can have various causes, including hormonal imbalances, medication use, and systemic diseases. The study covered publications from 2013 to 2023 to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the data analyzed. The results identified the most common etiological factors, with a focus on hormonal imbalances, such as elevated estrogen levels relative to testosterone, and the use of certain medications, such as anabolic steroids and antiandrogens. The review also emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate intervention to minimize the psychological and physical impact on patients. Regarding nursing care, the study proposed guidelines that include symptom monitoring, emotional support for the patient, education about the condition and treatment, and collaboration with the medical team to adjust medication therapies when necessary. Despite the contributions of this study, the research also highlighted the need for more specific clinical studies on nursing interventions in various contexts. It concludes that to enhance the effectiveness and applicability of nursing practices, further research focused on diverse methodologies and a broader range of clinical settings is required.