The Leadership Role of the Sultan and Government Policy of the Malay Kingdom of Riau-Lingga: Maritime Economic Perspective in Islamic Malay Historiography

The Malacca Strait area makes the Malay country the cosmopolitan center of the world in terms of maritime economic defense on world trade routes and Pan-Islamism. One of the rulers of the trade routes in the Malacca Strait were sea nomads or Pesukuan people, which caused maritime piracy to become dangerous. Economic development in the Malay Kingdom of Riau-Lingga attempted to incorporate sea nomads into the political structure by the Sultan to increase the country's per capita income. This research examines the historical economic perspective in government policies to reduce the poverty gap in the coastal areas of the Riau Islands in the maritime financial sector regarding the limitations of marine product fishing technology. The naval security approach highlights the maritime economic development of the Malay Kingdom of Riau-Lingga to reach the world's naval axis, including maritime culture and resources, maritime infrastructure and connectivity, maritime diplomacy, and maritime defense. Qualitative collective case studies analyze data and the meaning of the case context in a holistic, multidisciplinary manner (literature study) through critical case sampling techniques. This research uses Perroux's growth center theory, which positively impacts absorbing labor in an area to reduce poverty. The results of this research show a connection between political life, psychology, international relations, and economic growth in Malay transnationalism. Significant findings are the continuity of economic growth trends in the Malay Kingdom of Riau-Lingga against economic slowdown and future predictions from a comprehensive historical perspective of economic civilization.