Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: Strategies for Restoring Sinus Rhythm

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are epidemics that deserve greater attention in the current era. With improved medical therapies and robust revascularization strategies for acute coronary syndromes, there has been a substantial increase in the population of people living with stable coronary artery disease, which in turn contributes to the AF and HF burden. AF and HF are unique disease processes, in that each can precipitate the other, and in those with co-existing AF and HF, the burden of morbidity and mortality is amplified. While there has been remarkable progress in the sphere of pharmacological therapy for HF (particularly HF with reduced ejection fraction), medical therapy options for rate and rhythm control for AF have been largely unchanged for several decades. Instead, advances in catheter ablation (CA) technology and strategies for AF ablation have culminated in a robust evidence base, showing improved survival, quality of life, and restoration of ventricular function. The purpose of this clinical review article is to summarize the pathophysiological link between AF and HF and to emphasize the role of CA in the management of such patients.