Elucidating the Complex Relationship between the Neuroendocrine System and Environmental Stresses Identify by Possible Markers of Heat Stress in Cross Bred Calves

Background: The behavioral, physiological and hormonal reactions of crossbred calves to various shade materials are the primary foci of this investigation into the multi-faceted effects of heat stress. The goal of research is to identify possible markers of heat stress resistance by elucidating the complex relationship between the neuroendocrine system and environmental stresses. Methods: By making various measurements regarding the calves’ physiological responses to heat stress and the functions of various kinds of shade materials. Result: Behavioral observations showed that various shade materials alleviated stress in different ways. In the open paddock, the crossbred calves were able to maintain normal physiological, biochemical and behavioral responses because of the favorable microenvironment created by the availability of agro-net and thatch as shade material throughout the summer. The effects of shade on metabolic parameters were shown by biochemical studies, which shed light on the physiological adaptations of the calves. Moreover, evaluations of hormones revealed complex hormonal modulations as adaptive processes. This study concluded that agro-net and other novel shade materials might be considered for use as summer cow shade; however, the material’s longevity has to be studied.