Relationships between the yield and the elements of its structure of diploid and tetraploid winter rye varieties under the conditions of the West Siberian region

The results of studying the correlation between the yield and its structural elements in the varieties of diploid and tetraploid winter rye under the conditions of the West Siberian region are presented. The research was conducted in the Novosibirsk region from 2019 to 2021. A total of 28 varieties of diploid (2 n ) and tetraploid (4 n ) winter rye of different ecological and geographical origin were studied. As a result of the variance analysis of the data, a reliable ( p < 0.05) effect of the growing conditions (22.2%) and varietal characteristics (31.8%), as well as the interaction between the variety and the ploidy level (18.2%) on winter rye yield was determined. A set of tetraploid winter rye varieties was more yielding (626.3 g/m 2 ) in comparison with diploid varieties, which had high trait indices. In tetraploid rye varieties, ear length was 12.0–13.3 cm, 1000 grain weight was 50.1–53.0 g, grain weight per ear was 2.18–2.79 g and per plant was 7.17–8.70 g. A set of diploid rye varieties had lower yields (565.0 g/m 2 ), while they had higher yield structure traits: productive bushiness – 3.8–4.3 pieces, ear grain content – 81.1–89.1%, number of grains per ear – 55.0–56.9 pieces. Taking into account all the above-mentioned data of the diploid and tetraploid rye structural components diversity, correlation analysis showed that the main contribution to the increase in yield in the conditions of the West Siberian region is made by productive bushiness ( r – from 0.59 to 0.78), number of spikelets per ear ( r – from 0.54 to 0.70) and grain weight per plant ( r = 0.79). In breeding work selection of seed parents and selection of high-yielding samples of winter rye collection of different ploidy levels should be carried out according to these elements of productivity.