Comparative Analysis of Pulmonary Health Among Traditional Smokers, Non-Smokers, and E-Cigarette Users: A Cross Sectional Study

<p>Respiratory diseases represent a major global health challenge, with smoking being a primary risk factor. The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as an alternative nicotine delivery system has sparked concerns about their potential impact on pulmonary health. Understanding these risks is crucial for effective public health policies and interventions. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-operated devices that heat a liquid (e-liquid) to generate an aerosol, which users inhale. This aerosol typically contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. While marketed as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, the long-term health effects of e-cigarettes remain uncertain, particularly concerning respiratory health. Studies have suggested links between e-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms, but comprehensive research comparing their effects with traditional smoking is limited.</p>