Involvement of the Central Nervous System in Plasma Cell Leukemia: Case Report

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare malignant hematologic disease with an aggressive and poor prognosis characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood.Some clinical and laboratory manifestations resemble multiple myeloma (MM), so the treatment of PCL is based on therapies similar to those for MM.We present a case of a 47-year-old male patient diagnosed primary plasma cell leukemia.The treatment was initiated with VDT-PACE, despite the occurrence of complications and relapses, the patient showed a good response to the proposed treatment, however after some symptoms, the involvement of the disease in the central nervous system was confirmed.Despite adequate monitoring and treatment, this type of complication in patients with neurological symptoms still requires further investigation to support therapeutic decisions.