Analysis of the Restoration of Distribution Substations: A Case Study of the Central–Western Division of Mexico

The studies on strategies for improving restoration times in electrical distribution systems are extensive. They have theoretically explored the application of mathematical models, the implementation of remotely controlled systems, and the use of digital simulators. This research aims to connect conceptual studies and the implementation of improvements and impact assessment in electrical distribution systems in developing countries, where distribution technologies vary widely, by employing a comprehensive methodology. The proposed research examines the restoration times for faults in substations within general distribution networks in the central–western region of Mexico. The study comprises these stages: (a) diagnosing the electrical supply, demand, and infrastructure; (b) analyzing the electrical restoration time and the restoration index of the substations; and (c) providing recommendations and implementing pilot tests for improvements in the identified critical substations. The results revealed 12 analysis zones, including 120 distribution substations, 150 power transformers, and 751 medium voltage circuits. Among the substations, 73% have ring connections, 15% have TAP connections, and 12% have radial connections. Additionally, 27% of the substations rely on only a single distribution line. The study identified areas with significant challenges in restoring electricity supply, particularly focusing on power transformers: 32 transformers with permanent power line failures requiring load transfer via medium voltage; 67 transformers requiring optimized restoration maneuvers due to specific characteristics; and 4 areas with opportunities to enhance the reliability of the power supply through remote-controlled link systems. The analysis resulted in the installation of 145 remote link systems, which improved restoration rates by over 40%. This approach is expected to be replicated throughout Mexico to identify improvements needed in the national distribution system.