Optimized Pediatric X-ray Doses through Automatic Tube Voltage Control in Conventional Machines

Chest radiography remains a cornerstone of pediatric pneumonia diagnosis, offering a non-invasive approach. However, minimizing radiation exposure in children is crucial. This study aimed to optimize pediatric X-ray doses by developing a prototype for an automatic tube voltage control system in conventional X-ray machines. We identified key factors influencing radiation dose during pediatric chest X-rays. Utilizing the Commission of European Communities' recommended tube voltage (>60 kVp), we analyzed the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD). Subsequently, an automatic control mechanism for tube voltage (<60 kVp) was constructed using a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, a control unit, and a patient-type selector. The ZMPT101B sensor detects preset tube voltage. A dedicated algorithm analyzes these values, and if they exceed recommended levels, the control unit adjusts them. Results are displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Validation of ESD with varying tube voltage and current settings confirmed that exposure time and tube voltage significantly impact ESD more than tube current. Lower kVp settings with high tube currents are unsuitable for children due to the limited penetration depth of such photons, resulting in higher tissue absorption without improving image quality. This novel monitoring system addresses this concern by automatically adjusting tube voltage for optimal image acquisition at reduced dose levels.