Dual-initiation ruptures in the 2024 Noto earthquake encircling a fault asperity at a swarm edge

To reveal the connections between the 2024 moment magnitude (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>) 7.5 Noto earthquake in Japan and the seismicity swarms that preceded it, we investigated its rupture process through near-source waveform analysis and source imaging techniques, combining seismic and geodetic datasets. We found notable complexity in the initial rupture stages. A strong fault asperity, which remained unbroken in preceding seismic swarms, slowed down the rupture. Then, a second rupture initiated at the opposite edge of the asperity, and the asperity succumbed to double-pincer rupture fronts. The failure of this high-stress drop asperity drove the earthquake into a large-scale event. Our observations help unravel the crucial role of fault asperities in controlling swarm migration and rupture propagation and underscore the need for detailed seismological and interdisciplinary studies to assess seismic risk in swarm-prone regions.

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Publication Details

Journal
Science
Published
2024-08-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp0493
Citations
48
Primary Topic
earthquake and tectonic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
25.65
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article

Dual-initiation ruptures in the 2024 Noto earthquake encircling a fault asperity at a swarm edge

Saeed Mohanna, Lingsen Meng, Liuwei Xu, Chen Ji et al.
48 citations
Science
earthquake and tectonic studies
25.65
article

Dual-initiation ruptures in the 2024 Noto earthquake encircling a fault asperity at a swarm edge

Saeed Mohanna, Lingsen Meng, Liuwei Xu, Chen Ji, Jean‐Paul Ampuero, Yosuke Aoki, Zhang Yunjun
article en
48 citations

Abstract

To reveal the connections between the 2024 moment magnitude (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>) 7.5 Noto earthquake in Japan and the seismicity swarms that preceded it, we investigated its rupture process through near-source waveform analysis and source imaging techniques, combining seismic and geodetic datasets. We found notable complexity in the initial rupture stages. A strong fault asperity, which remained unbroken in preceding seismic swarms, slowed down the rupture. Then, a second rupture initiated at the opposite edge of the asperity, and the asperity succumbed to double-pincer rupture fronts. The failure of this high-stress drop asperity drove the earthquake into a large-scale event. Our observations help unravel the crucial role of fault asperities in controlling swarm migration and rupture propagation and underscore the need for detailed seismological and interdisciplinary studies to assess seismic risk in swarm-prone regions.

ScienceVol. 385(6711)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Planetary Science Institute (US), University of California, Santa Barbara (US), University of California, Los Angeles (US), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction (JP), Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (FR), Aerospace Information Research Institute (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (FR), The University of Tokyo (JP)
Openalex Percentile: Top 0%
earthquake and tectonic studies
25.65
DOISourceOpenAlex
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