Understanding the viability conundrum in online crowdwork: The costs of unprecedented autonomy

Online crowdwork is an increasingly established phenomenon in the labor market, offering millions of workers opportunities for non-standard employment. However, the new psychological contract for such workers is characterized by various challenges. This study investigates online crowdworkers’ viability challenge, focusing on the interplay between individual income dependence, perceptions of pay inadequacy, autonomy, and locus of control. While online crowdwork provides autonomy and flexibility, such benefits may come at a steep price for workers. Our study, based on data from 581 crowdworkers, reveals that a viability challenge exists, driven by individual income dependence and perceived pay inadequacy. Autonomy serves as a buffer. Importantly, workers with a strong internal locus of control navigate challenges better, particularly in managing perceptions of inadequate pay and harnessing the autonomy of online crowdwork. These findings shed light on workers’ ability to navigate the viability challenges associated with online crowdwork.