Flaring Stars in a Nontargeted Millimeter-wave Survey with SPT-3G

Abstract We present a flare star catalog from 4 yr of nontargeted millimeter-wave survey data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The data were taken with the SPT-3G camera and cover a 1500 deg 2 region of the sky from 20 h 40 m 0 s to 3 h 20 m 0 s in right ascension and from −42° to −70° in declination. This region was observed on a nearly daily cadence from 2019 to 2022 and chosen to avoid the plane of the galaxy. A short-duration transient search of this survey yields 111 flaring events from 66 stars, increasing the number of both flaring events and detected flare stars by an order of magnitude from the previous SPT-3G data release. We provide cross-matching to Gaia DR3, as well as matches to X-ray point sources found in the second ROSAT all-sky survey. We have detected flaring stars across the main sequence, from early-type A stars to M dwarfs, as well as a large population of evolved stars. These stars are mostly nearby, spanning 10–1000 pc in distance. Most of the flare spectral indices are constant or gently rising as a function of frequency at 95/150/220 GHz. The timescale of these events can range from minutes to hours, and the peak ν L ν luminosities range from 10 27 to 10 31 erg s −1 in the SPT-3G frequency bands.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
2024-08-21
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad58db
Citations
10
Primary Topic
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
3.32

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article

Flaring Stars in a Nontargeted Millimeter-wave Survey with SPT-3G

W. Everett, V. Novosad, K. Fichman, J. E. Carlstrom et al.
10 citations
The Astrophysical Journal
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
3.32
article

Flaring Stars in a Nontargeted Millimeter-wave Survey with SPT-3G

W. Everett, V. Novosad, K. Fichman, J. E. Carlstrom, T. de Haan, E. Hivon, N. W. Halverson, J. Stephen, M. A. Dobbs, Karen Lévy, E. Schiappucci, Abhishek S. Maniyar, A. Coerver, S. Guns, C. L. Reichardt, F. Kéruzoré, T. Cecil, M. Rouble, C. Reuter, P. A. R. Ade, M. Archipley, A. J. Anderson, F. Guidi, B. Ansarinejad, K. R. Dibert, M. Rahimi, T.-L. Chou, Lincoln Bryant, M. Millea, P. Paschos, J. A. Sobrin, B. A. Benson, E. Camphuis, L. E. Bleem, K. L. Thompson, Kedar A. Phadke, J. D. Vieira, K. R. Ferguson, G. P. Holder, Z. Pan, F. R. Bouchet, Adrian T. Lee, J. E. Ruhl, C. Tucker, G. Wang, R. W. Gardner, P. Chaubal, A. Foster, C. Umiltà, P. M. Chichura, L. Balkenhol, K. Prabhu, D. Dutcher, Y. Omori, Yong‐Jae Moon, T. M. Crawford, C. Daley, Cynthia Trendafilova, Y. Nakato, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Montgomery, G. Smecher, N. Whitehorn, J. C. Hood, C.-L. Kuo, N. Huang, F. Bianchini, B. Thorne, W. L. Holzapfel, F. Menanteau, G. I. Noble, A. N. Bender, R. Gualtieri, C. L. Chang, A. E. Gambrel, A. Rahlin, Alexandre Doussot, A. A. Stark, W. L. K. Wu, C. Tandoi, J. A. Zebrowski, K. Kornoelje, Zepeng Qu, Wei Quan, Yuhang Wan, A. E. Lowitz, K. Benabed, A. Suzuki, L. Knox, S. Galli, M. R. Young, V. Yefremenko, T. Natoli, M. Korman, C. Lu, A. Cukierman, S. Padin, C. Feng, Fugang Ge
article en
10 citations

Abstract

Abstract We present a flare star catalog from 4 yr of nontargeted millimeter-wave survey data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT). The data were taken with the SPT-3G camera and cover a 1500 deg 2 region of the sky from 20 h 40 m 0 s to 3 h 20 m 0 s in right ascension and from −42° to −70° in declination. This region was observed on a nearly daily cadence from 2019 to 2022 and chosen to avoid the plane of the galaxy. A short-duration transient search of this survey yields 111 flaring events from 66 stars, increasing the number of both flaring events and detected flare stars by an order of magnitude from the previous SPT-3G data release. We provide cross-matching to Gaia DR3, as well as matches to X-ray point sources found in the second ROSAT all-sky survey. We have detected flaring stars across the main sequence, from early-type A stars to M dwarfs, as well as a large population of evolved stars. These stars are mostly nearby, spanning 10–1000 pc in distance. Most of the flare spectral indices are constant or gently rising as a function of frequency at 95/150/220 GHz. The timescale of these events can range from minutes to hours, and the peak ν L ν luminosities range from 10 27 to 10 31 erg s −1 in the SPT-3G frequency bands.

The Astrophysical JournalVol. 972(1)
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA), Northwestern University (US), California Institute of Technology (US), Argonne National Laboratory (US), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US), University of California, Los Angeles (US), The University of Melbourne (AU), Urbana University (US), University of Toronto (CA), University of Colorado Boulder (US), Princeton University (US), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (US), Sorbonne Université (FR), University of Chicago (US), Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (US), Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics (CA), Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US), National Center for Supercomputing Applications (US), Three-Speed Logic (Canada) (CA), McGill University (CA), Case Western Reserve University (US), Cardiff University (GB), University of California, Davis (US), Michigan State University (US), University of California, Berkeley (US), Stanford University (US)
National Science Foundation, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, California Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, McGill University, European Space Agency, European Commission, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Office of Science, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Australian Research Council, Laboratory Directed Research and Development, Argonne National Laboratory, Fermilab, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
3.32
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