Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii) in Ecuador

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii, the agent of toxoplasmosis, is a global zoonosis affecting mammals and birds, with the domestic cat as its definitive host. Discovered in 1980, it infects one-third of the human population and is transmitted through contaminated food or congenitally, causing various syndromes. Study Objective: To determine the incidence of Toxoplasma gondii in Ecuador during the period 2013-2023. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review of publications from January 2013 to December 2023 was conducted, selecting relevant scientific articles. Searches were carried out in databases such as Scopus, WOS, Google Scholar, SciELO, Dialnet, institutional thesis repositories, and EBSCO. Conclusion: Toxoplasmosis represents a major public health concern in Ecuador due to its high prevalence and associated risks. This necessitates regional preventive measures, such as food education and screening tests, due to the geographical and temporal variability of Toxoplasma gondii.