Development of an AR–based enrichment module to introduce electrospinning as an application of static electricity principles for senior high school students

Abstract In teaching physics, phenomena invisible to the naked eye are presented with Augmented Reality (AR) support. This research aims to create an AR-based module exemplifying static electricity applications in technology. The AR module explains static electricity in nanofiber fabrication, specifically electrospinning. Needs analysis reveals a necessity for this module due to teachers lagging in static electricity concepts in the 4.0 era. The module scored 98.00% for content and 88.00% for interactivity, indicating high validity. Linguistic aspect scores 93.33% for grammar and 98.00% for understanding show reader-friendly content. The content agreement is 95.71%, aligning with theory and curriculum. Students rated practicality at 98.41%, suggesting module convenience. Appearance received 96.67%, indicating student engagement, with benefits scoring 96.67%, motivating student learning, particularly in static electricity. The results show a successful introduction of electrospinning in senior high school students. The module triggered students’ interest in motivation, attraction, satisfaction, and relevance, so it can be concluded that the module created is effective.