Communication—Forecast of the Impact of Degradation Modes on a Commercial Hard Carbon/Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃-based Na-ion Battery

Commercial Na-ion batteries are becoming available with performance forecasted to be similar to that of their lithium counterparts. On the many diagnosis and prognosis techniques developed to characterize batteries in the past four decades, it is essential to assess how many could be directly transferred to Na-ion batteries. In particular, the degradation modes approach is among the most interesting to test because it is widely used and allows to forecast the voltage response of the cells upon degradation. This work investigates the applicability of this approach to a commercial Na-ion cell comprising hard carbon and sodium vanado-fluorophosphate electrodes.