A Bifunctional Carbon-LiNO₃ Composite Interlayer for Stable Lithium Metal Powder Electrodes as High Energy Density Anode Material in Lithium Batteries

Lithium metal remains a promising candidate for high-energy-density rechargeable batteries due to its exceptional specific capacity and low reduction potential. However, practical implementation of lithium metal anodes faces challenges such as dendrite formation, limited cycle life, and safety concerns. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the performance of lithium metal powder (LMP)-based electrodes by embedding a LiNO 3 -carbon composite interlayer between the LMP electrode and the copper foil current collector. The N-rich carbon interlayer acts as a reservoir for LiNO 3 , enabling its gradual release to maintain prolonged stability of the interfacial reactions of the Li-metal and providing additional Li nucleation sites. Our findings demonstrate that the LiNO 3 -carbon composite effectively suppresses dendrite formation, improves reversible capacity, and stabilizes the solid electrolyte interphase. Additionally, we validated the fast-charging capabilities of the Li/NCM622 half-cell employing the LiNO 3 -carbon-coated Cu foil with LMP electrodes. Our results highlight the significant synergistic effect of the LiNO 3 additive and carbon interlayer in enhancing the performance of lithium metal-based batteries.