Ancient Painting Inpainting Based on Multi-Layer Feature Enhancement and Frequency Perception

Image inpainting aims to restore the damaged information in images, enhancing their readability and usability. Ancient paintings, as a vital component of traditional art, convey profound cultural and artistic value, yet often suffer from various forms of damage over time. Existing ancient painting inpainting methods are insufficient in extracting deep semantic information, resulting in the loss of high-frequency detail features of the reconstructed image and inconsistency between global and local semantic information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based ancient painting inpainting method using multi-layer feature enhancement and frequency perception, named MFGAN. Firstly, we design a Residual Pyramid Encoder (RPE), which fully extracts the deep semantic features of ancient painting images and strengthens the processing of image details by effectively combining the deep feature extraction module and channel attention. Secondly, we propose a Frequency-Aware Mechanism (FAM) to obtain the high-frequency perceptual features by using the frequency attention module, which captures the high-frequency details and texture features of the ancient paintings by increasing the skip connections between the low-frequency and the high-frequency features, and provides more frequency perception information. Thirdly, a Dual Discriminator (DD) is designed to ensure the consistency of semantic information between global and local region images, while reducing the discontinuity and blurring differences at the boundary during image inpainting. Finally, extensive experiments on the proposed ancient painting and Huaniao datasets show that our proposed method outperforms competitive image inpainting methods and exhibits robust generalization capabilities.