High-Contrast Thermochromism in Room-Temperature Transparent Layered Perovskite PEA₂PbBr₄ with a High Temperature-Induced Bandgap Change Rate of 0.8 meV/K

Two-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskites have emerged as a new generation of optoelectronic materials. However, the thermochromism in organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskites has been rarely explored in depth. A further understanding of the mechanism is necessary and favorable for the application. Here, transparent centimeter-sized single crystals of the organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskite (C₆H₅C₂H₄NH₃)₂PbBr₄ (PEA₂PbBr₄) were synthesized using an improved evaporation method. As a typical organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskite, the PEA₂PbBr₄ single crystal shows high-contrast and progressive thermochromism exhibiting a change from colorlessness and transparency to lemon yellow in a wide temperature range of 200-450 K. Based on the calculation through the Varshni equation, the temperature-induced bandgap change rate directly associated with the high-contrast thermochromism of PEA₂PbBr₄ reaching 0.8 meV/K. This value is higher than that of many three-dimensional perovskites and traditional IV-III semiconductors. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent 193 nm photoluminescence spectra suggest that this high temperature-induced bandgap change rate of PEA₂PbBr₄ is a result of the competitive interaction between lattice thermal expansion and electron-phonon coupling (Fröhlich coupling coefficient Γ_LO = 2.215). Based on the characteristics introduced above, PEA₂PbBr₄ as an organic-inorganic hybrid layered perovskite has a better performance in achieving the balance between high-contrast and high room-temperature transmittance. Therefore, PEA₂PbBr₄ is a material with great potential in applications like temperature-indicating labels. This work provides valuable insights into the thermochromism of layered perovskites, offering a new material system and approach for developing thermochromic materials with higher sensitivity and efficiency.