Identifying sarcoidosis trends using web search and real-world data in Sweden: a retrospective longitudinal study

Web search data are associated with disease incidence, population interest, and seasonal variations. This study aimed to investigate seasonal and geographical variations of web search data for sarcoidosis and to explore its association with external factors and sarcoidosis incidence in Sweden. Therefore, sarcoidosis-related data from Google Ads Keyword Planer (2017-2020) were generated for Sweden according to its 21 counties. The relationship between search volume and season, region, population demographics, environmental factors, and the sarcoidosis incidence listed in the National Patient Register was assessed. Analyses revealed seasonal variations for Sweden with an overall peak in the spring and autumn. Geographical differences were observed, with a higher search volume for north-western counties and the lowest search volume for Stockholm County. At the country level, the search volume was positively associated with the sarcoidosis incidence. Higher male proportion and older mean age were associated with a higher search volume, while a higher proportion of foreign-born residents, humidity, and mean temperature were associated with a lower search volume. Our analyses detected correlations between web search data, sarcoidosis incidence, and external factors. Analyses of sarcoidosis web search data therefore appear to be a valuable approach to disease surveillance to address medical needs and public interest.