Adsorptive Optimization of Abamectin from Aqueous Solutions by Immobilized <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>

Adsorption techniques are frequently used to eliminate particular forms of pesticides.This work aimed to describe the process of adsorbing abamectin (ABM) from aqueous systems onto adsorbents and some factors affecting the process effectiveness.Eichhornia crassipes, also known as water hyacinth (WH), was chemically processed utilizing calcium alginate-immobilized WH and sodium alginate as adsorbent.The response surface method (RSM) was implemented to enhance the operational aspects of the adsorption procedure on the removal of ABM residues from aqueous solution.The results show that 95.65% of the abamectin was removed under the optimum conditions of pH = 3, 1000 mg/L of immobilized WH, particle size = 5 m, shaking speed = 200 rpm, and 30 mg/L of ABM concentration throughout 180 min contact time.The model's predicted response results also show a decent agreement with the experimental data (R 2 = 86.64%),proving the effectiveness of this approach for developing precise predictions.The responses were assessed using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model, which confirmed a successful adjustment with the obtained data using analysis of variance (R 2 = 92.0%,R 2 adj = 88.92%, and R 2 pred = 82.92%).In conclusion, the results demonstrated the potential application and beneficial adsorption effectiveness of WH in removal of the pesticides from an aqueous solution.