3D modeling of the urinary bladder using electrical impedance tomography: advanced reconstruction algorithms and medical applications

Purpose: The research presented in this paper was conducted to obtain a detailed 3D model of the urinary bladder using electrical impedance tomography, a noninvasive tomographic technique. Methods: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that measures electrical impedance inside the human body. Many methods, including those based on physical models and machine learning, are used to reconstruct the considered 3D object using EIT. The work focuses on the Gauss-Newton algorithm in its generalized form. Results: Three-dimensional reconstructions of the urinary bladder were obtained. The models are built with high accuracy and can be processed by subsequent algorithms. Discussion: The constructed models can serve as the basis for correct diagnosis in medicine and as research material for subsequent work, for example, on the possibilities of 3D printing. Possible methods of obtaining even higher-quality reconstruction also remain to be considered.