Neuromyelitis Optica: A Peek Into the Brain Through the Eyes

A rare demyelinating syndrome, known as neuromyelitis optica, is characterized by optic neuritis and transverse myelitis. A 27-year-old female presented to the eye department, with complaints of sudden progressive diminution of vision in both eyes (left eye more than right eye), acutely not being able to move both her eyes, double vision on lateral gazes with chronic dryness and irritation. Examination revealed restricted extraocular movements in all gazes. Magnetic resonance imaging of orbit showed retrobulbar optic neuritis. Blood tests revealed positive neuromyelitis optica myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies after which diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica was made.