Microwave-Assisted Unidirectional Superconductivity in Al-InAs Nanowire-Al Junctions under Magnetic Fields

Under certain symmetry-breaking conditions, a superconducting system exhibits asymmetric critical currents, dubbed the "superconducting diode effect." Recently, systems with the ideal superconducting diode efficiency or unidirectional superconductivity have received considerable interest. In this work, we report the study of Al-InAs nanowire-Al Josephson junctions under microwave irradiation and magnetic fields. We observe an enhancement of superconducting diode effect under microwave driving, featured by a horizontal offset of the zero-voltage step in the voltage-current characteristic that increases with microwave power. Devices reach the unidirectional superconductivity regime at sufficiently high driving amplitudes. The offset changes sign with the reversal of the magnetic field direction. Meanwhile, the offset magnitude exhibits a roughly linear response to the microwave power in dBm when both the power and the magnetic field are large. The signatures observed are reminiscent of a recent theoretical proposal using the resistively shunted junction (RSJ) model. However, the experimental results are not fully explained by the RSJ model, indicating a new mechanism for unidirectional superconductivity that is possibly related to nonequilibrium dynamics or dissipation in periodically driven superconducting systems.