Optical absorption modulation and image display capabilities of all-dielectric metasurface featuring integrated graphene

<p indent="0mm">Perfect absorption in monolayer two-dimensional (2D) materials is critical for the next generation of on-chip devices. However, absorption mechanisms based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and Fabry-Perot cavities (FPCs) are limited by tuning capability, low stability, and complex fabrication processes. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are considered ideal platforms for enhancing light-matter interactions. In this context, we propose an all-dielectric metasurface that supports symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (SP-BIC) in the near-infrared spectral region. By breaking the symmetry of the metasurface, it is transformed into the quasi-bound state in the continuum (qBIC) with exceptional quality factors (<italic>Q</italic>-factor), while monolayer graphene is introduced into the system to form a critically coupled absorption system. Remarkably, we achieved a modulation efficiency of 93.8% for light absorption by solely controlling the polarization angle of the incident wave without altering the structural parameters. Based on this graphene-metasurface ideal absorber, optical digital “0-1” switching and metasurface image display functionalities have been successfully achieved, and they hold promise to provide theoretical guidance for next-generation integrated optical components on chips.