A Novel Metaheuristic Named as Quadratic Time Optimization and its Application to Handle Economic Dispatch with Spinning Reserve and Valve Point Effect

Economic dispatch (ED) problem is a popular optimization problem in electrical engineering.Many studies that handled ED problem employed metaheuristics as the optimization technique.Unfortunately, these metaheuristics are old or the existing ones.Meanwhile, ED problem is not the favourite constrained case in studies that introduced a novel metaheuristic.This research introduces a novel metaheuristic called quadratic time optimization (QTO).QTO comprises three sequential searches where both diversification and intensification are blended in every search.But the portion of both orientations changes by following the quadratic time.The appraisal of QTO is performed by employing it to solve both unconstrained and constrained problems.The 23 traditional functions represent the unconstrained problem while economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with valve point effect and spinning reserve problem represents the constrained problem.In both appraisals, there are five novel metaheuristics represent the benchmarks, including: walrus optimization algorithm (WaOA), coati optimization algorithm (COA), total interaction algorithm (TIA), addax optimization algorithm (AOA), and language education optimization (LEO).The result shows the competitiveness of the proposed QTO in handling both unconstrained and constrained problems.QTO becomes the first best in 8 functions out of 23 functions including five high dimension unimodal functions, two high dimension multimodal functions, and one fixed dimension multimodal functions.The result also shows that QTO is competitive in three use cases in ELD problems as the ratio between the range and average total cost among metaheuristics for the first, second, and third cases is 0.72, 0.04, and 0.02 percent consecutively.