The design and implementation of virtual reality simulations in Spanish for the Health Professions: what are learners’ perceptions?

Although virtual reality (VR) games and headsets are widely available and have started to be used in language courses, there is little previous research on how VR can be used in courses on Languages for Specific Purposes, particularly in Spanish for the Health Professions. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement VR simulations that mirrored a medical interview in Spanish and to examine learners' attitudes toward language practice in a VR environment. Scenarios were designed following Task-Based Language Teaching and results from a language needs analysis. Participants in this study were undergraduate students enrolled in a Spanish for the Health Professions course. Participants took on the role of a healthcare provider to interact with Spanish-speaking avatars within the virtual environment. They completed a series of tasks relevant to the medical interview, including greetings, triage, symptom elicitation, social information, medication information, basic diagnosis, and treatment plan. They participated in surveys and wrote journals about their VR class experience. Results showed that the VR simulations contributed to perceived skill development with an emphasis on conversation, listening, critical thinking, and pronunciation. The immersive experience and real-world application led learners to be more engaged and focused while amplifying course topics, particularly cultural awareness and sensitivity, applied vocabulary, and pragmatics. Pedagogical implications are discussed.