Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Three Novel Species of Sanguinoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) from Yunnan Province, China

<i>Sanguinoderma</i> (<i>Ganodermataceae</i>) is recognized as a valuable medicinal resource in Taiwan, China. Additionally, it serves as a traditional folk medicine for treating neurotic epilepsy in Malaysia. This study involved the collection of six specimens of <i>Sanguinoderma</i> from Yunnan Province, China. Employing multigene phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, including internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>rpb</i>2), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef</i>1-α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), nuclear small subunit (nSSU) and morphological examinations, three new species, viz. <i>Sanguinoderma concentricum</i>, <i>S. dehongense</i> and <i>S. ovisporum</i>, are introduced. <i>Sanguinoderma concentricum</i> is characterized by a central stipe basidiomata, an orbicular to suborbicular pileus, a grayish-yellow surface with alternating concentric zones and wavy margin-like petals and regular pileipellis cells (4-8 × 17-28 μm). <i>Sanguinoderma dehongense</i> is characterized by a long stipe and flabelliform basidiomata, a dark-grayish yellow-to-dark-yellow pileus surface, irregular pileipellis cells and wavy margin and ellipsoid basidia (8-11 × 9-13 μm). <i>Sanguinoderma ovisporum</i> is characterized by a reniform basidiomata, a heterogeneous context and ovoid basidiospores (7.5-8.6 × 5.5-7.2 µm). A detailed description and illustrations of these new species are provided, as well as a morphological comparison with similar taxa.