Regional features of sensitization to various allergens in children with allergic diseases, taking into account the formed exposome

BACKGROUND: According to data from the World Health Organisation, up to 40% of the world’s population and up to 35% of the Russian population suffer from allergies. Assessing the impact of the exposome in the population of the Russian Federation is a crucial issue of national public health care, which will provide a personalised approach to the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases in the local population. AIM: To evaluate the sensitisation profile in children with allergic diseases from different regions of Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included sick children aged 2 to 12 years with allergic manifestations from different regions of the Russian Federation. The concentration of total IgE and allergen-specific immunoglobulins in blood was determined retrospectively on the basis of analyses of results obtained in clinical and diagnostic laboratories performing immunoblotting tests using the Allergy-Q® test system (South Korea). RESULTS: Sensitisation to allergens mediated by IgE was detected more frequently than in half of the cases (436 people — 58.39%). In the group of household allergens the first place is occupied by cat, then dog and already then house dust. Among respiratory allergens, birch and/or other trees, weeds and mugwort are the leaders. Food sensitisation in children is mainly to milk, egg, fish and seafood. CONCLUSIONS: The peculiarities of sensitisation revealed in different regions are easily explained by the formed exposomes (due to different climatic conditions, peculiarities of regional vegetation and nutrition). The obtained data can be used to develop measures of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.