Digital Ion Trap Isolation and Mass Analysis of Macromolecular Analytes with Multiply Charged Ion Attachment

Multiply charged ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) of heterogeneous mixtures of macromolecular analytes under native conditions are typically confined to relatively narrow ranges of mass-to-charge (<i>m</i>/<i>z</i>) ratio, often with extensive overlap. This scenario makes charge and mass assignments extremely challenging, particularly when individual charge states are unresolved. An ion/ion reaction strategy involving multiply charged ion attachment (MIA) to the mixture components in a narrow range of <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> can facilitate charge and mass assignment. In MIA operation, multiply charged reagent ions are attached to the analyte ions of opposite polarity to provide large <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> displacements resulting from both large changes in mass and charge. However, charge reduction of the high <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ions initially generated under native ESI conditions requires the ability to isolate high <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ions and to analyze even higher <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> product ions. Digital ion trap (DIT) operation offers means for both high <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ion isolation and high <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> mass analysis, in addition to providing conditions for the reaction of oppositely charged ions. The feasibility of conducting MIA experiments in a DIT that takes advantage of high <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> ion operation is demonstrated here using a tandem 2D-3D DIT instrument. Proof-of-concept MIA experiments with cations derived from β-galactosidase using the 20- charge state of human serum immunoglobulin G (IgG, ∼149 kDa) as the reagent anion are described. MIA experiments involving mixtures of ions derived from the <i>E. coli.</i> ribosome are also described. For example, three components in a mixture of 70S particles (>2.2 MDa) were resolved and assigned with masses and charges following an MIA experiment involving the 20- charge state of human serum IgG.