Integrating Artificial Intelligence into the Supply Chain in Order to Enhance Sustainable Production—A Systematic Literature Review

Nowadays, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into supply chains (SCs) is a great challenge in research and for manufacturing managers. The main goal of this study is to determine the role of AI in the context of the new SCs, according to the concept of Industry 5.0. in order to improve the level of sustainable production. The research was based on a systematic analysis of the scientific literature and application of the PRISMA methodology. Due to the relatively new vision of introducing AI into SC, it was decided to analyse the years 2021–2024. A total of 1181 research articles were identified in Science Direct, Springer and the Willey Online Library that combined AI-based methods and tools that support SCs in order to identify the impacts and challenges of integrating AI in SCs in the context of sustainable production (SP). In this study, 48 items were then analysed in detail. The results achieved highlighted the main AI-based tools applied in SCs and, secondly, revealed the main benefits of this integration for manufacturing in the following areas of manufacturing: predictive maintenance, production planning and customer relationships. The findings of our study revealed the main challenges and directions: (1) integrating digitalisation and green SP in order to build resilience to the SP, (2) create a sustainable work environment, (3) and develop a sustainable and advanced architecture for relationships with customers.