Knowledge Retention of Undergraduate Medical Students in Regional Anatomy Following a One-Month Gross Anatomy Course Setting

Background: In the achievement of optimal learning outcomes, knowledge retention presents a major concern for medical students and educators. Practical dissection courses facilitate the consolidation of knowledge of anatomy. Previously, it was shown that a regional anatomy dissection course is more beneficial over a 3-month than a 1-month duration for gathering pre examination knowledge. This study aimed to assess if follow-up anatomy interventions help consolidate regional anatomy knowledge and facilitate knowledge retention of undergraduate medical students. It was hypothesized that knowledge retention could be enhanced using post-dissection teaching interventions. Methods: Upon completion of the dissection course, Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPEs) were performed for the neck, thorax, and abdomen immediately before the start of the oral examinations, with follow-ups at 6 and 12 months. Between each of the examinations, virtual and in-person lectures and seminars on (radiologic) anatomy and pathology were held, including Cinematic Rendering, but without additional teaching on human tissues. Results: Significant improvements were observed for knowledge of the neck and abdomen regions in the 6- and 12-month follow-up OSPEs. The effects of knowledge gain were less marked in ethanol-glycerin- than in Thiel-embalmed tissues. Student perceptions regarding tissue quality correlated positively with their assessment of tissue suitability for examination preparation. In conclusion, even anatomy teaching interventions not utilizing human tissues may help consolidate and improve regional anatomy knowledge over a one-year term. Conclusion: Knowledge retention can be enhanced by accompanying virtual with physical teaching interventions.