Enhancing MINFLUX 3D imaging precision by vortex interference

A new acquisition framework for MINFLUX super-resolution microscopy is proposed, termed Vortex Interference MINFLUX (viMINFLUX). From our analysis, we showed that by utilizing vortex interference, the scan range and phase shift mutually modulate MINFLUX precision, resulting in a precision enhancement by a factor of two or more for the same scan range. We further showed that vortex interference can be extended to 3D imaging, whereby 3D viMINFLUX provides for nearly isotropic 3D precision, resulting in a two-fold improvement in lateral precision and a five-fold enhancement in axial precision compared to conventional 3D MINFLUX techniques.