Electrical-Light Coordinately Modulated Synaptic Memristor Based on Ti₃C₂ MXene for Near-Infrared Artificial Vision Applications

Emerging optoelectronic memristive devices with high parallelism and low-power consumption have made neuromorphic computing hardware a tangible reality. The coordination of conductivity regulation through both electrical and light signals is pivotal for advancing the development of synaptic memristors with brainlike functionalities. Here, an artificial visual synapse is presented with the Ti₃C₂ MXene memristor which demonstrates not only the nonvolatile memory effect (Set/Reset: 0.58/-0.55 V; Retention: >10³ s) and sustained multistage conductivity, but also facile modulation of both electrical- and light-stimulated synaptic behaviors. By adjusting the stimulus parameters, the Ti₃C₂ MXene enables the realization of biosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic current, sustained conductivity, stable long-term facilitation/depression, paired pulse facilitation, spiking-timing-dependent plasticity, and experiential learning. Particularly, benefiting from the distinguishable photoconductive and memory effects of multiple near-infrared intensities (7-13 mW/cm²), potential applications in visual nociceptive perception ("threshold", "noadaption", "relaxation") and imaging (e.g., "Superman" cartoon character) in infrared environments are well achieved in such Ti₃C₂ MXene memristors. These results hold significant implications for the future advancement of integrated optoelectronic sensing, memory, nociception, and imaging systems.