Twisted-mode VECSEL with intracavity second harmonic generation

A vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) that uses intracavity second harmonic generation (SHG) and the twisted mode technique for power scaling was explored. The effects of the twisted mode technique are shown and discussed by examining the mode structure and spectrum of the fundamental mode. The maximum SHG output was 1 W at 458 nm while the fundamental was lasing in the TEM₀₀ mode. We conclude that the twisted mode technique does not interfere with intracavity SHG and is a reasonable path for power scaling intracavity frequency doubled VECSELs.