An Adaptive Power Angle Compensation Algorithm for Enhancing Transient Stability of Virtual Synchronous Generator

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is proposed to emulate the characteristics of synchronous generators, providing frequency and voltage support to the grid, thereby enhancing the stability of new energy generation systems. However, like synchronous generators, VSGs also face issues such as loss of synchronization (LOS) during grid faults. In this article, the behavior of operating points in various areas using the power-power angle (P–<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) curve is analyzed, showing that transient stability issues in VSG can be effectively addressed through power angle compensation. Consequently, an adaptive power angle compensation (APAC) algorithm is proposed to resolve two types of transient stability problems encountered in VSG. The proposed control strategy involves switching from the active power control loop (APCL) to power synchronization control during grid faults and compensating for the power angle. Notably, this approach enables VSG to operate normally, regardless of equilibrium point presence during grid faults, effectively preventing LOS without complex parameter design and grid impedance information. These features give VSG high robustness and enhance the transient stability of VSG-based systems. Finally, the simulation and experimental results provide further evidence of the effectiveness of the proposed method.