Dataset on the chemical composition and bioactive compound of estuarine seaweed Gracilaria from four different cultivation area in Java and Lombok Island, Indonesia

The data examines the evaluation of the quality of <i>Gracilaria</i> seaweed as the main raw material of various industrial products. <i>Gracilaria</i>, a red seaweed, serves as the primary ingredient in the agar industry and is subsequently utilized in food, biotechnological fields, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceutical applications due to its rich nutritional and bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. In fact, this seaweed has been cultivated in many regions and countries, especially in Indonesia. Several areas, particularly Java and Lombok Island, are known as the primary producers of <i>Gracilaria</i> seaweed and its derivatives in Indonesia. However, the current state of research lacks comprehensive exploration regarding the relationship or correlation between cultivation areas and the resultant quality of derived seaweed products. It is especially valuable to investigate the dataset concerning its nutrition and bioactive profile. Thus, this study aims to investigate and provide the chemical composition and bioactive compound of Estuarine Seaweed <i>Gracilaria</i> from four different cultivation areas in Java and Lombok Island in Indonesia. There are three areas in Java, specifically Karawang, Situbondo, and Pasuruan, and one area in Lombok, as the main location of sampling. These seaweed samples were then evaluated for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, selenium, iodine, carotene, antioxidant, and bioactive compound profiles. <i>Gracilaria</i> seaweed from Lombok Island, Situbondo, Pasuruan, and Karawang displayed moisture content in the range of 9-11%, ash content of 5-6%, fat content ranging from 0.26-0.62%, protein content between 9-17%, and carbohydrate content varying from 64-73%. The content of seaweed from Karawang, Pasuruan, Situbondo, and Lombok were recorded as 66.35%, 59.94%, 57.41%, and 72.56%, respectively. The analysis revealed that <i>Gracilaria</i> from the Lombok area had a selenium content of 18.82 mcg/100 g, whereas Karawang Seaweed showed 31.04 mcg/100 g of selenium. The Situbondo area exhibited iodine content (19676.96 mcg/100 g), while the Lombok area had iodine content (10588.19 mcg/100 g). Additionally, the carotene pigment content in <i>Gracilaria</i> ranged from 11.64 to 16.95 mg/kg. <i>Gracilaria</i> seaweed from the Lombok area displayed an IC50 value of 17.96 ppm for antioxidant activity and 26.82 ppm for alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity. In contrast, <i>Gracilaria</i> samples from the Karawang area exhibited IC₅₀ values of 25.44 ppm for antioxidant activity and 33.37 ppm for alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity. A bioactive compound was also detected in <i>Gracilaria</i>, recognized as phlorotannin. The significance of these data extends to the selection of seaweed sources and conditions for potential applications, benefiting both the seaweed farming and research communities. Eventually, these findings data can be utilized for further testing and evaluation of seaweed as a raw material for nutraceutical supplements, functional foods, and sustainable biomaterials.