Application of biochar in soil remediation: A decade of scientometrics and systematic review from 2014 to 2024

This study provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis and systematic review of biochar applications in soil remediation. It was observed that China is the most productive country in this field. In 2023, a significant increase in publications indicating a growing interest in the field was noted. However, this trend is reversing in 2024 from January to May. Furthermore, literatures reveal that biochar-supported nZVI significantly reduces PAH by 99.9 % in ambient condition. Previous research indicates that animal-based biochar exhibited the highest level of biostimulation. In addition, the combination of biochar with clay-rich soil improves soil characteristics. Similarly, biochar improves nitrogen retention, raises pH in acidic soils, microbial biomass and diversity can be enhanced during remediation. Lastly, future research may incorporate quantitative analyses of academic literature in the field by exploring other databases. • Key research hotspots indicate that China leads biochar research but growth slows in 2024. • Biochar-nZVI combo effectively removes PAHs, animal-based biochar boosts soil microbial life. • Synthesized findings on biochar's role in inhibiting pollutants, and promoting soil properties. • Biochar, a proven tool for soil remediation with decade of evidence supporting its effectiveness.