The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on upper esophageal sphincter function: Insights from PH impedance and high‐resolution manometry

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pathophysiology has been established in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, less is understood regarding the role the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) plays in preventing laryngopharynphageal reflux. Sustained UES basal pressure prevents reflux into the pharynx while allowing relaxation during ingestion. We investigate whether GERD influences UES function via HRM and pH Impedance testing. A retrospective analysis of 318 patients who underwent high-resolution manometry with trans-nasally placed manometric catheter and 24-h multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring. One hundred and forty-seven patients met Lyon consensus criteria for GERD based on acid exposure time >6%. The most common chief concern was heartburn or reflux, present in 59% of these patients. Upper esophageal sphincter basal and residual pressures were not significantly different between patients with GERD when compared to those without GERD, including a subanalysis of patients with extraesophageal symptoms. The LES basal and residual pressures, DCI and MNBI are statistically lower in patients with pathologic GERD. HRM and pH Impedance testing demonstrates no difference in UES basal and residual pressures based on pH diagnosis of GERD. We redemonstrate the association with hypotonic LES, diminished DCI and MNBI with GERD.