Adherence and Compliance with Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV Prevention

Introduction: Men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender people, sex workers, people who inject drugs, individuals in prisons and other closed settings have been considered key populations because they are at high risk of contracting HIV. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) because of its protective effect against HIV in this population. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence adherence and compliance with oral PrEP for HIV prevention. Methods: This systematic review was conducted the databases used were the PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and EMBASE. For search keywords, MeSH, CINAHL Subjects, and Emtree terms were combined with AND and OR Boolean operators. Studies selected encompassed quantitative, qualitative, mixed, and multimethod designs, between from 2015 to 2022, in English, Spanish, and Portuguese language. All references were imported and exported through EndNote for data collection. Methodological quality was evaluated using the MMAT checklist. We used deductive thematic analysis based on Taylor there are six categories that influence adherence and compliance to oral PrEP. Results: Out of 526 articles retrieved, 314 duplicates were eliminated and 26 were incorporated. Various factors affect adherence and compliance with oral PrEP. Conclusions: Based on the findings, PrEP's effectiveness and the perceived high risk of HIV infection served as motivators for PrEP utilization, while negative sentiments regarding PrEP, side effects, and stigma acted as hurdles to its use. Readiness facilitated PrEP adoption. Healthcare team support was viewed as an effective attribute for those administering oral PrEP.