Hydrothermal Approach to (Co, Zr) Co‐Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis: Structural and Magnetic Characterization

Abstract This study investigates the hydrothermal synthesis of (Co, Zr) co‐doped iron oxide nanoparticles, varying the synthesis for 4 and 6 h at 150 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis discloses crystalline sizes from 16 to 24 nm. Magnetic characterization through vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) indicates ferromagnetic behavior, as shown by magnetic hysteresis (MH) loops, with a maximal magnetic saturation of approximately 40 emu g −1 achieved in samples subjected to a 6‐h reaction time. This highlights the critical influence of the 6‐h duration in optimizing the magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles.