Evaluating the functional design of temple enclosures for communal practices

In contemporary times, the design of worship spaces often falls short of meeting the diverse expectations of devotees seeking solace and tranquility. This study presents a critical yet frequently overlooked aspect of temple design-the impact of spatial acoustics on the overall worship experience. Specifically, focus is on the acoustics of the inner sanctum—garbhagriha, and the outer hall—ardhamandapa, which collectively contribute significantly to the ambiance within a temple. Recognizing the need to establish a method for determining the most suitable activities for each temple enclosure, this research conducted a comprehensive study involving two prominent temples in India—the Kashivishweshwar temple and the Siddheshwar temple, built during the seventeenth century. The selected spaces within these temples were categorized based on their acoustic properties and functionality. The categorization aimed to distinguish spaces conducive to musical performances or mass prayers from those best suited for discourses and religious talks. This study aims to assess the acoustic characteristics of temple spaces and determine their suitability for various congregational activities, such as speech-related activities (prayers, religious preachings) and musical performances through in-situ measurements in an unoccupied condition. Objective indicators considered in this work are reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), and clarity of sound ( C 80 and C 50 ). The findings underscore the pivotal role that spatial acoustics play in shaping the appropriateness of temple enclosures for such congregational activities. By categorizing and analyzing the acoustical characteristics of specific temple spaces, this research contributes valuable insights to inform future temple designs and renovations.