Conducting Paper Based on Few-Layered Hydrogen-Substituted Graphdiyne for Swine Flu Detection

The development of a cheap, fast and adaptable paper-based biosensing platform can meet the growing needs in the medical device field for rapid, cost-effective and accurate detection of swine flu. Keeping these in view, we developed a paper-based biosensor modified by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) using a dip coating procedure. The fabricated biosensing platform has great mechanical flexibility, as its electrical characteristics were not compromised even after being twisted up to 54 times to an angle of 360°. After the treatment of the fabricated conducting paper with DMSO, it showed an enormous increase in conductivity by ∼2-folds. Further, anti-SAA was immobilized onto this conducting paper through a physical immobilization process, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was immobilized to inhibit nonspecific sites. The developed electrode (BSA/anti-SAA/HsGDY/CP) exhibited sensitivity values of 3.243 μA [log (ng mL–1)]−1 cm–2 (for the concentration range of 1 fg mL–1–1 μg mL–1) and 23.57 μA [log (ng mL–1)]−1 cm–2 (for the concentration range of 10–100 μg mL–1), providing an ultralow detection limit of 0.137 fg mL–1 for SAA detection via the chronoamperometry (CA) technique. The developed sensor was applied successfully for the determination of serum samples spiked with SAA, validating the accuracy of the fabricated biosensor.