Thermal analysis and performance enhancement of solar ponds in hot regions

This study examines solar pond behavior in Algeria's Adrar region, focusing on the stability, robustness, and convergence of the heat equation solution with a source. The finite volume method was used to estimate the heat conduction equation for the solar pond system, comparing temperature profiles with and without reflectors. Results revealed a clear thermal gradient between pond layers. The lower layer (HSZ) consistently recorded the highest temperatures and stored heat throughout the day, while the upper layer (UCZ) maintained lower temperatures, insulating lower layers and reducing heat loss. The middle layer (NCZ) effectively acted as an insulating zone, maintaining a thermal gradient between upper and lower layers. Maximum temperatures and stored heat were recorded in the afternoon, indicating the pond's ability to retain heat for extended periods. This study opens avenues for further research to improve solar pond efficiency in desert areas like Adrar, where solar energy potential is significant. The study's importance lies in providing sustainable energy generation solutions for remote and desert areas, contributing to sustainable development goals and reducing dependence on conventional energy sources. It offers valuable insights into solar pond potential in desert regions and paves the way for renewable energy innovations, promising a more sustainable future in energy production.