Shortage of sculptors of shadow puppets’ facial features (Bedhahan) for Wayang performance

Bedhahan or the facial features of shadow-puppets play a crucial role in maintaining the quality of performances. However, the shortage of skilled practitioners in this field has raised concerns among artistic communities. The difficulty of finding proficient shadow-puppet face sculptors calls for thorough investigation and resolution of the problem, yet has not received adequate attention in earlier studies. Therefore, this study seeks to address two fundamental questions: (1) What are the reasons for the shortage of shadow puppet face sculptors?; and (2) What are the implications of this shortage for the world of performing arts? To answer these questions, this study employs a qualitative research approach, focusing on a comprehensive case study that involves both the sculptors engaged in puppet making and the puppeteers. The research methodology encompasses a series of site visits and observations at prominent centers of puppet-making, followed by in-depth interviews with shadow puppet sculptors and puppeteer. Additionally, insights from community figures with extensive knowledge and experience in puppet-making processes and puppet usage are also incorporated into the research. The findings reveal several contributing factors to the lack of shadow puppet face sculptors. These factors include the demanding and intricate learning process, the need for sustained patience during puppet face sculpting, and the specialized skills required for this unique art form, which not all puppet makers possess. This study underscores the paramount importance of safeguarding the knowledge and expertise of shadow puppet sculpting, particularly Bedhahan, to ensure the preservation and continuation of puppet performances. The responsibility for preserving this rich tradition should not solely rely on society; it should also emcompass the active involvement of relevant institutions. By addressing these challenges and promoting the training and appreciation of shadow puppet face sculptors, the cherished art of Bedhahan can endure, sustaining the cultural significance and artistic brilliance of performances for future generations.