Sulfur and Wavy‐Stacking Boosted Superior Lithium Storage in 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks (c-COFs) provide an attractive foundation as organic electrodes in energy storage devices, but their storage capability is long hindered by limited ion accessibility within densely π-π stacked interlayers. Herein, two kinds of 2D c-COFs based on dioxin and dithiine linkages are reported, which exhibit distinct in-plane configurations-fully planar and undulated layers. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals wavy square-planar networks in dithiine-bridged COF (COF-S), attributed to curved C─S─C bonds in the dithiine linkage, whereas dioxin-bridged COF (COF-O) features densely packed fully planar layers. Theoretical and experimental results elucidate that the undulated stacking within COF-S possesses an expanded layer distance of 3.8 Å and facilitates effective and rapid Li<sup>+</sup> storage, yielding a superior specific capacity of 1305 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>, surpassing that of COF-O (1180 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>). COF-S also demonstrates an admirable cycle life with 80.4% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. As determined, self-expanded wavy-stacking geometry, S-enriched dithiine in COF-S enhances the accessibility and redox activity of Li storage, allowing each phthalocyanine core to store 12 Li<sup>+</sup> compared to 8 Li<sup>+</sup> in COF-O. These findings underscore the elements and stacking modes of 2D c-COFs, enabling tunable layer distance and modulation of accessible ions.
Authors
- Xiaodong Zhuang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-0420)
- Haiyan Mao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-1236)
- Qi Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-5025)
- Yilong Yang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7275-0703)
- Kaiyue Jiang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0395-9662)
- Jinhui Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7685-5142)
- Lei Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-7968)
- Chongqing Yang
- Nana Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2882-7045)
- Senhe Huang
- Sheng Han
Institutions
- Shihezi University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Shanghai Institute of Technology (CN)
- Southeast University (CN)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Small
- Published
- 2024-08-15
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202405974
- Citations
- 9
- Primary Topic
- Covalent Organic Framework Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.05
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China